Oracle 11g Release 1 RAC On Linux Using NFS
This article describes the installation of Oracle 11g release 1 (11.1) RAC on Linux (Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0) using NFS to provide the shared storage.
- Introduction
- Download Software
- Operating System Installation
- Oracle Installation Prerequisites
- Create Shared Disks
- Install the Clusterware Software
- Install the Database Software
- Create a Database using the DBCA
- TNS Configuration
- Check the Status of the RAC
- Direct NFS Client
Introduction
NFS is an abbreviation of Network File System, a platform independent technology created by Sun Microsystems that allows shared access to files stored on computers via an interface called the Virtual File System (VFS) that runs on top of TCP/IP. Computers that share files are considered NFS servers, while those that access shared files are considered NFS clients. An individual computer can be either an NFS server, a NFS client or both.
We can use NFS to provide shared storage for a RAC installation. In a production environment we would expect the NFS server to be a NAS, but for testing it can just as easily be another server, or even one of the RAC nodes itself.
To cut costs, this articles uses one of the RAC nodes as the source of the shared storage. Obviously, this means if that node goes down the whole database is lost, so it's not a sensible idea to do this if you are testing high availability. If you have access to a NAS or a third server you can easily use that for the shared storage, making the whole solution much more resilient. Whichever route you take, the fundamentals of the installation are the same.
This article was inspired by the blog postings of Kevin Closson.
We can use NFS to provide shared storage for a RAC installation. In a production environment we would expect the NFS server to be a NAS, but for testing it can just as easily be another server, or even one of the RAC nodes itself.
To cut costs, this articles uses one of the RAC nodes as the source of the shared storage. Obviously, this means if that node goes down the whole database is lost, so it's not a sensible idea to do this if you are testing high availability. If you have access to a NAS or a third server you can easily use that for the shared storage, making the whole solution much more resilient. Whichever route you take, the fundamentals of the installation are the same.
This article was inspired by the blog postings of Kevin Closson.
Download Software
Download the following software.
Operating System Installation
This article uses Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0, but it will work equally well on CentOS 5 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5. A general pictorial guide to the operating system installation can be found here. More specifically, it should be a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap, firewall and secure Linux disabled. Oracle recommend a default server installation, but if you perform a custom installation include the following package groups:
- GNOME Desktop Environment
- Editors
- Graphical Internet
- Text-based Internet
- Development Libraries
- Development Tools
- Server Configuration Tools
- Administration Tools
- Base
- System Tools
- X Window System
To be consistent with the rest of the article, the following information should be set during the installation:
RAC1:
RAC1:
- hostname: rac1.localdomain
- IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.101 (public address)
- Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address)
- IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.101 (private address)
- Default Gateway eth1: none
RAC2:
- hostname: rac2.localdomain
- IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.102 (public address)
- Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address)
- IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.102 (private address)
- Default Gateway eth1: none
You are free to change the IP addresses to suit your network, but remember to stay consistent with those adjustments throughout the rest of the article.
Once the basic installation is complete, install the following packages whilst logged in as the root user.
Once the basic installation is complete, install the following packages whilst logged in as the root user.
# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 1
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*
rpm -Uvh make-3.*
cd /
eject
# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 2
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-*
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.*
rpm -Uvh libgomp*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.*
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.*
cd /
eject
# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 3
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh sysstat-7.*
cd /
eject
Oracle Installation Prerequisites
Perform the following steps whilst logged into the RAC1 virtual machine as the root user.
The /etc/hosts file must contain the following information.
The /etc/hosts file must contain the following information.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
# Public
192.168.2.101 rac1.localdomain rac1
192.168.2.102 rac2.localdomain rac2
#Private
192.168.0.101 rac1-priv.localdomain rac1-priv
192.168.0.102 rac2-priv.localdomain rac2-priv
#Virtual
192.168.2.111 rac1-vip.localdomain rac1-vip
192.168.2.112 rac2-vip.localdomain rac2-vip
#NAS
192.168.2.101 nas1.localdomain nas1
Notice that the NAS1 entry is actually pointing to the RAC1 node. If you are using a real NAS or a third server to provide your shared storage put the correct IP address into the file.
Add the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file.
Add the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file.
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
# Additional and amended parameters suggested by Kevin Closson
#net.core.rmem_default = 524288
#net.core.wmem_default = 524288
#net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
#net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=524288
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=393216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem=4096 524288 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem=4096 524288 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0
net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1
net.core.optmem_max=524287
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=2500
sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=128
sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=128
net.ipv4.tcp_mem=16384 16384 16384
Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.
/sbin/sysctl -p
Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file.
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.
SELINUX=disabled
Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (System > Administration > Security Level and Firewall). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.
Create the new groups and users.
Create the new groups and users.
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin
useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle
passwd oracle
Configure SSH on each node in the cluster. Log in as the "oracle" user and perform the following tasks on each node.
su - oracle
mkdir ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa # Accept the default settings.
The RSA public key is written to the ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub file and the private key to the ~/.ssh/id_rsa file.
Log in as the "oracle" user on RAC1, generate an "authorized_keys" file on RAC1 and copy it to RAC2 using the following commands.
Log in as the "oracle" user on RAC1, generate an "authorized_keys" file on RAC1 and copy it to RAC2 using the following commands.
su - oracle
cd ~/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
scp authorized_keys rac2:/home/oracle/.ssh/
Next, log in as the "oracle" user on RAC2 and perform the following commands.
su - oracle
cd ~/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
scp authorized_keys rac1:/home/oracle/.ssh/
The "authorized_keys" file on both servers now contains the public keys generated on all RAC nodes.
To enable SSH user equivalency on the cluster member nodes issue the following commands on each node.
To enable SSH user equivalency on the cluster member nodes issue the following commands on each node.
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac2 date
ssh rac1.localdomain date
ssh rac2.localdomain date
exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELL
/usr/bin/ssh-add
You should now be able to SSH and SCP between servers without entering passwords.
Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file.
Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file.
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=RAC1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
Remember to set the correct values for the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOSTNAME on the second node.
Create Shared Disks
First we need to set up some NFS shares. In this case we will do this on the RAC1 node, but you can do the on a NAS or a third server if you have one available. On the RAC1 node create the following directories.
mkdir /shared_config
mkdir /shared_crs
mkdir /shared_home
mkdir /shared_data
Add the following lines to the /etc/exports file.
/shared_config *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)
/shared_crs *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)
/shared_home *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)
/shared_data *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)
Run the following command to export the NFS shares.
chkconfig nfs on
service nfs restart
On both RAC1 and RAC2 create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.
mkdir -p /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u01/oradata
mkdir -p /u01/shared_config
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata /u01/shared_config
chmod -R 775 /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata /u01/shared_config
Add the following lines to the "/etc/fstab" file. The mount options are suggestions from Kevin Closson.
nas1:/shared_config /u01/shared_config nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0 0 0
nas1:/shared_crs /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0 0 0
nas1:/shared_home /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0 0 0
nas1:/shared_data /u01/oradata nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0 0 0
Mount the NFS shares on both servers.
mount /u01/shared_config
mount /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs
mount /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
mount /u01/oradata
Create the shared OCR Configuration and Voting Disk files.
touch /u01/shared_config/ocr_configuration
touch /u01/shared_config/voting_disk
Make sure the permissions on the shared directories are correct.
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/shared_config
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oradata
Before installing the clusterware, check the prerequisites have been met using the "runcluvfy.sh" utility in the clusterware root directory.
/mountpoint/clusterware/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose
If you get any failures be sure to correct them before proceeding.
Install the Clusterware Software
Unzip the clusterware and database software.
unzip linux_11gR1_clusterware.zip
unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip
Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer.
cd clusterware
./runInstaller
On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.
Accept the default inventory location by clicking the "Next" button.
Enter the appropriate name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.
Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button.
The "Specify Cluster Configuration" screen shows only the RAC1 node in the cluster. Click the "Add" button to continue.
Enter the details for the RAC2 node and click the "OK" button.
Click the "Next" button to continue.
The "Specific Network Interface Usage" screen defines how each network interface will be used. Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Edit" button.
Set the "eht0" interface type to "Public" and click the "OK" button.
Leave the "eth1" interface as private and click the "Next" button.
Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/shared_config/ocr_configuration" as the OCR Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location.
Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/shared_config/voting_disk" as the Voting Disk Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location.
On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.
Wait while the installation takes place.
Once the install is complete, run the orainstRoot.sh and root.sh scripts on both nodes as directed on the following screen.
The output from the orainstRoot.sh file should look something like that listed below.
Accept the default inventory location by clicking the "Next" button.
Enter the appropriate name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.
Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button.
The "Specify Cluster Configuration" screen shows only the RAC1 node in the cluster. Click the "Add" button to continue.
Enter the details for the RAC2 node and click the "OK" button.
Click the "Next" button to continue.
The "Specific Network Interface Usage" screen defines how each network interface will be used. Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Edit" button.
Set the "eht0" interface type to "Public" and click the "OK" button.
Leave the "eth1" interface as private and click the "Next" button.
Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/shared_config/ocr_configuration" as the OCR Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location.
Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/shared_config/voting_disk" as the Voting Disk Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location.
On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.
Wait while the installation takes place.
Once the install is complete, run the orainstRoot.sh and root.sh scripts on both nodes as directed on the following screen.
The output from the orainstRoot.sh file should look something like that listed below.
# cd /u01/app/oraInventory
# ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
#
The output of the root.sh will vary a little depending on the node it is run on. The following text is the output from the RAC1 node.
# cd /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs
# ./root.sh
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs/product' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root
Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
Setting up Network socket directories
Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully
The directory '/u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app/crs/product' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app/crs' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.
node :
node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1
node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Now formatting voting device: /u01/shared_config/voting_disk
Format of 1 voting devices complete.
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Adding daemons to inittab
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
Cluster Synchronization Services is active on these nodes.
rac1
Cluster Synchronization Services is inactive on these nodes.
rac2
Local node checking complete. Run root.sh on remaining nodes to start CRS daemons.
#
The output from the RAC2 node is listed below.
# /u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0/crs
# ./root.sh
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs/product' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/crs' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root
Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
Setting up Network socket directories
Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully
The directory '/u01/app/crs/product/11.1.0' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app/crs/product' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app/crs' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
The directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root. Changing owner to root
clscfg: EXISTING configuration version 4 detected.
clscfg: version 4 is 11 Release 1.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.
node :
node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1
node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2
clscfg: Arguments check out successfully.
NO KEYS WERE WRITTEN. Supply -force parameter to override.
-force is destructive and will destroy any previous cluster
configuration.
Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has already been initialized
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Adding daemons to inittab
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
Cluster Synchronization Services is active on these nodes.
rac1
rac2
Cluster Synchronization Services is active on all the nodes.
Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
Oracle CRS stack installed and running under init(1M)
Running vipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps
Creating VIP application resource on (2) nodes...
Creating GSD application resource on (2) nodes...
Creating ONS application resource on (2) nodes...
Starting VIP application resource on (2) nodes...
Starting GSD application resource on (2) nodes...
Starting ONS application resource on (2) nodes...
Done.
#
Here you can see that some of the configuration steps are omitted as they were done by the first node. In addition, the final part of the script ran the Virtual IP Configuration Assistant (VIPCA) in silent mode.
You should now return to the "Execute Configuration Scripts" screen on RAC1 and click the "OK" button.
Wait for the configuration assistants to complete.
When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.
The clusterware installation is now complete.
You should now return to the "Execute Configuration Scripts" screen on RAC1 and click the "OK" button.
Wait for the configuration assistants to complete.
When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.
The clusterware installation is now complete.
Install the Database Software
Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer.
cd database
./runInstaller
On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.
Select the "Enterprise Edition" option and click the "Next" button.
Enter the name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.
Select the "Cluster Install" option and make sure both RAC nodes are selected, the click the "Next" button.
Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button.
Select the "Install Software only" option, then click the "Next" button.
On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.
Wait while the database software installs.
Execute the "root.sh" scripts on both nodes, as instructed on the "Execute Configuration scripts" screen, then click the "OK" button.
When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.
Select the "Enterprise Edition" option and click the "Next" button.
Enter the name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.
Select the "Cluster Install" option and make sure both RAC nodes are selected, the click the "Next" button.
Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button.
Select the "Install Software only" option, then click the "Next" button.
On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.
Wait while the database software installs.
Execute the "root.sh" scripts on both nodes, as instructed on the "Execute Configuration scripts" screen, then click the "OK" button.
When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.
Create a Database using the DBCA
Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Database Configuration Assistant.
dbca
On the "Welcome" screen, select the "Oracle Real Application Clusters database" option and click the "Next" button.
Select the "Create a Database" option and click the "Next" button.
Highlight both RAC nodes and click the "Next" button.
Select the "Custom Database" option and click the "Next" button.
Enter the values "RAC.WORLD" and "RAC" for the Global Database Name and SID Prefix respectively, then click the "Next" button.
Accept the management options by clicking the "Next" button. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to configure Enterprise Manager at this time.
Enter database passwords then click the "Next" button.
Select the "Cluster File System" option, then click the "Next" button.
Select the "Use Oracle-Managed Files" option and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the database location, then click the "Next" button.
Check the "Specify Flash Recovery Area" option and and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the location, then click the "Next" button. Note.I wouldn't normally expect to see the flash recovery area and datafiles in the same location, but this is only a test.
Uncheck all but the "Enterprise Manager Repository" option, then click the "Standard Database Components..." button.
Uncheck all but the "Oracle JVM" and "Oracle XML DB" options, then click the "OK" button, followed by the "Next" button on the previous screen. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to install the JVM at this time.
Accept the "Typical" memory management option by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the 11g enhanced security settings by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the automatic maintenance tasks by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the database storage settings by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the database creation options by clicking the "Finish" button.
Accept the summary information by clicking the "OK" button.
Wait while the database is created.
When prompted, click the "Yes" button to configure the listeners with the default settings.
Once the database creation is complete you are presented with the following screen. Make a note of the information on the screen and click the "Exit" button.
The RAC database creation is now complete.
Select the "Create a Database" option and click the "Next" button.
Highlight both RAC nodes and click the "Next" button.
Select the "Custom Database" option and click the "Next" button.
Enter the values "RAC.WORLD" and "RAC" for the Global Database Name and SID Prefix respectively, then click the "Next" button.
Accept the management options by clicking the "Next" button. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to configure Enterprise Manager at this time.
Enter database passwords then click the "Next" button.
Select the "Cluster File System" option, then click the "Next" button.
Select the "Use Oracle-Managed Files" option and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the database location, then click the "Next" button.
Check the "Specify Flash Recovery Area" option and and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the location, then click the "Next" button. Note.I wouldn't normally expect to see the flash recovery area and datafiles in the same location, but this is only a test.
Uncheck all but the "Enterprise Manager Repository" option, then click the "Standard Database Components..." button.
Uncheck all but the "Oracle JVM" and "Oracle XML DB" options, then click the "OK" button, followed by the "Next" button on the previous screen. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to install the JVM at this time.
Accept the "Typical" memory management option by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the 11g enhanced security settings by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the automatic maintenance tasks by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the database storage settings by clicking the "Next" button.
Accept the database creation options by clicking the "Finish" button.
Accept the summary information by clicking the "OK" button.
Wait while the database is created.
When prompted, click the "Yes" button to configure the listeners with the default settings.
Once the database creation is complete you are presented with the following screen. Make a note of the information on the screen and click the "Exit" button.
The RAC database creation is now complete.
TNS Configuration
Once the installation is complete, the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" file in the shared $ORACLE_HOME will contain the following entries.
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.102)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
)
LISTENER_RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.101)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
)
The shared "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora" file will contain the following entries.
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
RAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
)
)
LISTENERS_RAC =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)
RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
(INSTANCE_NAME = RAC2)
)
)
RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
(INSTANCE_NAME = RAC1)
)
)
This configuration allows direct connections to specific instance, or using a load balanced connection to the main service.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 14 19:16:47 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> CONN sys/password@rac1 AS SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
RAC1 rac1.lynx.co.uk
SQL> CONN sys/password@rac2 AS SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
RAC2 rac2.lynx.co.uk
SQL> CONN sys/password@rac AS SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
RAC1 rac1.lynx.co.uk
SQL>
Check the Status of the RAC
There are several ways to check the status of the RAC. The srvctl utility shows the current configuration and status of the RAC database.
$ srvctl config database -d RAC
rac1 RAC1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
rac2 RAC2 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
$
$ srvctl status database -d RAC
Instance RAC1 is running on node rac1
Instance RAC2 is running on node rac2
$
The V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES view can also display the current status of the instances.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 14 19:21:37 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$active_instances;
INST_NUMBER INST_NAME
----------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 rac1.lynx.co.uk:RAC1
2 rac2.lynx.co.uk:RAC2
SQL>
Finally, the GV$ allow you to display global information for the whole RAC.
SQL> SELECT inst_id, username, sid, serial# FROM gv$session WHERE username IS NOT NULL;
INST_ID USERNAME SID SERIAL#
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 SYS 116 841
2 SYSMAN 118 78
2 SYS 119 1992
2 SYSMAN 121 1
2 SYSMAN 122 29
2 SYS 123 2
2 SYSMAN 124 50
2 DBSNMP 129 1
2 DBSNMP 130 6
2 DBSNMP 134 1
2 SYSMAN 145 53
INST_ID USERNAME SID SERIAL#
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 SYS 170 14
1 SYSMAN 117 144
1 SYSMAN 118 186
1 SYSMAN 119 31
1 SYS 121 3
1 SYSMAN 122 162
1 SYSMAN 123 99
1 DBSNMP 124 3
1 SYS 125 2
1 SYS 126 19
1 SYS 127 291
INST_ID USERNAME SID SERIAL#
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
1 DBSNMP 131 61
1 SYS 170 17
24 rows selected.
SQL>
If you have configured Enterprise Manager, it can be used to view the configuration and current status of the database using a URL like "https://rac1.localdomain:1158/em".
Direct NFS Client
For improved NFS performance, Oracle recommend using the Direct NFS Client shipped with Oracle 11g. The direct NFS client looks for NFS details in the following locations:
- $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/oranfstab
- /etc/oranfstab
- /etc/mtab
Since we already have our NFS mount point details in the "/etc/fstab", and therefore the "/etc/mtab" file also, there is no need to configure any extra connection details.
For the client to work we need to switch the libodm11.so library for the libnfsodm11.so library, as shown below.
For the client to work we need to switch the libodm11.so library for the libnfsodm11.so library, as shown below.
srvctl stop database -d RAC
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
mv libodm11.so libodm11.so_stub
ln -s libnfsodm11.so libodm11.so
srvctl start database -d RAC
With the configuration complete, you can see the direct NFS client usage via the following views:
- v$dnfs_servers
- v$dnfs_files
- v$dnfs_channels
- v$dnfs_stats
For example:
SQL> SELECT svrname, dirname FROM v$dnfs_servers;
SVRNAME DIRNAME
------------- -----------------
nas1 /shared_data
SQL>
The Direct NFS Client supports direct I/O and asynchronous I/O by default.
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